Saturday, June 27, 2015

HP Prime: Orbital Speed and Velocity around the Sun (and update to Firmware 8151)

Firmware Update: 8151

The firmware of the HP Prime has been updated, Firmware Version 8151 (6/17/2015).  The link is here:


Planetary Orbit and Speed

The program ORBSD calculates approximately:

The distance of a planet (and dwarf planet Pluto) is from the sun and the speed of the planet, given at any given the number of Earth days (and partial Earth days) from the perihelion.  A planet is at its perihelion is when the planet is closest to the Sun in its elliptical orbit.  Earth is at its perihelion approximately January 3 to January 5 annually. 

Equations

Angle used:

θ = 360° * d/N
d = number of days from perihelion
N = number of days in a planet’s “year”, or number of days it takes for a planet to make one orbit around the Sun

Distance from Sun (in meters):

r = (a*(1 - ϵ)/(1 + ϵ cos θ ))
a = length of semi-major axis of a planet’s orbit
ϵ = the eccentricity of an orbit (ellipse)

Orbital Speed (in meters/second):

v = √( G * (M_Sun + M_planet) * (2/r – 1/a))
G = Gravitational Constant = 6.63784 * 10^-11 m^3/(s^2 *kg)
M_Sun = Mass of the Sun ≈ 1.9884 * 10^30 kg
M_planet = Mass of the planet

HP Prime ORBSD

EXPORT ORBSD()
BEGIN
// Orbital distance and
// speed around the Sun
// EWS 2015-06-25


// Initialization
LOCAL lm,pm,la,pa,le,pe;
LOCAL ld,pd;
LOCAL p,sp,θ,d,v,r;

// Planets
sp:={"Mercury","Venus","Earth",
"Mars","Jupiter","Saturn",
"Uranus","Neptune",
"Pluto (Dwarf)"};

// Mass (kg)
lm:={3.29438ᴇ23,4.85749ᴇ24,
5.9722ᴇ24,6.40397ᴇ23,1.89469ᴇ27,
5.67312ᴇ26,8.66437ᴇ25,1.02224ᴇ26,
1.31ᴇ22};

// Semi-Major Axis (m)
la:={57909829824,108209876544,
149594962176,227921734656,
778412012083,1.42673ᴇ12,
2.87097ᴇ12,4.49825ᴇ12,
5.90637ᴇ12};

// Eccentricity (ε)
le:={.206,.007,.017,.093,.048,
.056,.046,.009,.249};

// Days in a year
ld:={87.96899,224.701,365.256,
686.98,4332.58899,10759.22,
30685.4,60189,90465};

// Input
INPUT({{p,sp},d},"Data",
{"Planet:","# Days:"},
{"Planet","# Days after
Perihelion"});

pm:=lm[p];
pa:=la[p];
pe:=le[p];
pd:=ld[p];
θ:=360*d/pd;
HAngle:=1; // degree

// distance
r:=(pa*(1-pe^2))/(1+pe*COS(θ));

// orbit distance
v:=√((1.9884ᴇ30+pm)*6.63784ᴇ−11*
(2/r-1/pa));

// output
PRINT();
PRINT("Distance from the Sun:");
PRINT(STRING(r)+" m");
PRINT("Orbital Speed:");
PRINT(STRING(v)+" m/s");

RETURN {r,v};

END;

Examples

Earth at Perihelion (d = 0):
Distance ≈ 147,051,847,819 m
Orbital Speed ≈ 30,212.81231 m/s

Mars at Aphelion (at about 344 days):
Distance ≈ 249,118,178,096 m
Orbital Speed ≈ 21,921.31299 m/s

Jupiter at Perihelion (0 days):
Distance ≈ 741,048,235,503 m
Orbital Speed ≈ 13,668.77154 m/s


Planetary Data (see sources below)


Mass (kg)
Semi-Major Axis (m)
Eccentricity
Year (days)
Mercury
3.29438*10^23
57,909,829,824
.206
87.96899
Venus
4.85749*10^24
108,209,876,544
.007
224.701
Earth
5.9722*10^24
149,594,962,176
.017
365.256
Mars
6.40397*10^23
227,921,734,656
.093
686.98
Jupiter
1.89469*10^27
778,412,012,083
.048
4,332.58899
Saturn
5.67312*10^26
1.42673*10^12
.056
10,759.22
Uranus
8.66437*10^25
2.87097*10^12
.046
30,685.4
Neptune
1.02224*10^26
4.49825*10^12
.009
60,189
Pluto (dwarf planet)
1.31*10^22

5.90637*10^12
.249
90,465

** approximate values

Sources

Calvert, James B.  “Elllipse”   http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/math/ellipse.htm  2002.  Retrieved June 20, 2015.

Glover, Thomas J.  “Pocket Ref” Sequoia Publishing, Inc.  Littleton, CO. 2012

“Orbital Speed”  Wikipedia  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_speed  Retrieved June 20, 2015

U.S. Navy “Astronomical Constants – The Astronomical Almanac Online” http://asa.usno.navy.mil/static/files/2015/Astronomical_Constants_2015.pdf   2015. 



This blog is property of Edward Shore.  2015.