Calculator Python: Lambda Functions

Calculator Python: Lambda Functions

Introduction to Lambda Functions

Lambda functions are a quick, one expression, one line, python function.   Lambda functions do not require to be named though they can be named for future use if desired.  

The syntax for lambda functions are:

One argument:

lambda  argument : expression

Two or more arguments:

lambda  arg1, arg2, arg3, ...  : expression

The expression must return one result.  

The quick, versatile of lambda functions are make lambda functions one of the most popular programming tools.

Filter, Map, and Reduce

Filter:  uses a lambda function to filter out elements of a list and array using criteria.   For a list, the list command must be used to turn the result into an actual list. 

 

Syntax using Lambda and List:  

list(filter(lambda  arguments : expression))

Map:  uses a lambda function to apply a function to each element of a list.  Like filter, the list command must be used to turn the result into an actual list.

Syntax using Lambda and Map:

list(map(lambda arguments : expression))

Reduce:  uses a lambda function to use two or more arguments in a recursive function.

Syntax using Lambda:

reduce((lambda arguments : expressions), list)

Note, as of August 31, 2021, that the reduce command is NOT available on any calculator, only on full version of Python 3.  This may change with future updates.  

The following calculators have these commands in their Python programming (as of 8/30/2021):

HP Prime:  lambda, filter, map

Casio fx-CG 50 and fx-9750GIII: lambda, map

Numworks: lambda, filter, map

TI-84 Plus CE Python:  lambda, filter, map

TI-Nspire CX II Python:  lambda, filter, map

Nuwmorks Sample Python File: introlambda.py

from math import *

from random import *

# lambda test

n=randint(10,9999)

tens=lambda x:int(x/10)%10

hunds=lambda x:int(x/100)%10

thous=lambda x:int(x/1000)%10

print(n)

print(tens(n))

print(hunds(n))

print(thous(n))

print("List:")

l1=[1,2,3,4,5,6]

print(l1)

print("Filter demonstration")

print("Greater than 3")

l2=list(filter(lambda x:x>3,l1))

print(l2)

print("Odd numbers")

l3=list(filter(lambda x:x%2!=0,l1))

print(l3)

print("Map demonstration")

print("Triple the numbers")

l4=list(map(lambda x:3*x,l1))

print(l4)

print("exp(x)-1")

l5=list(map(lambda x:exp(x)-1,l1))

print(l5)

Sources

Maina, Susan "Lambda Functions with Practical Examples in Python"  Towards Data Science (membership blog with limited free access per month)  https://towardsdatascience.com/lambda-functions-with-practical-examples-in-python-45934f3653a8  Retrieved August 29, 2021

Simplilearn  "Learn Lambda in Python with Syntax and Examples"  April 28, 2021. https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/python-tutorial/lambda-in-python  Retrieved August 29, 2021

All original content copyright, © 2011-2021.  Edward Shore.   Unauthorized use and/or unauthorized distribution for commercial purposes without express and written permission from the author is strictly prohibited.  This blog entry may be distributed for noncommercial purposes, provided that full credit is given to the author. 

Differences Between HP 32S and HP 32SII

 Differences Between HP 32S and HP 32SII

The HP 32S and HP 32SII are two classic RPN calculators which feature a rich set of scientific calculations, including logarithms, trigonometry, hyperbolic functions, integer part, fraction part, absolute value, statistics, and linear regression (y = mx + b).  Both are keystroke RPN programming programs with a capacity of 390 bytes.  

What are the differences? 

HP 32S

*  Production:  1988 - 1991

*  Keyboard Colors:  dark brown, almost black keys; one orange shift key

*  One key deals with scrolling:  down, with up shifting

HP 32SII

*  Production:  1991 - 2002

*  Keyboard Colors:  dark brown keys, orange shift key, blue shift key (1st edition); black keys, green shift key, pink shift key

*  One key deals with scrolling:  down, with up shifting

*  Has four sets of US/SI conversions:  kg/lb, °C/°F, cm/in, l/gal

*  Pressing the decimal key ( [ . ] ) twice will create fractions and mixed fractions.   The FDISP toggles between decimal approximation and fractions.  

Menu	HP 32S	HP 32SII
PARTS	[ shift ] [ x<>y ]: IP, FP, RN, ABS	[ |> ] [ √ ]: IP, FP, ABS (RN is on the keyboard)
PROB	[ shift ] [ 3 ]: COMB, PERM, x!, R#	[ |> ] e^x
STAT/LR	One group of menus	Split into four menus
SHOW	[ shift ] [ . ]	[ |> ] [ ENTER ]
SOLVE, ∫	[ shift ] [ 1 ]	SOLVE: [ |> ] [ 7 ]; ∫: [ |> ] [ 8 ]
LOOP: ISG/DSE	[ shift ] [ 5 ]	ISG: [ <| ] [ 9 ]; DSE: [ |> ] [ 9 ]
TESTS	[ shift ] [ × ]: offers < = ≠ >	x?y: [ <| ] [ ÷ ], x?0: [ |> ] [ ÷ ]: offers < ≤ = ≠ > ≥

Hewlett Packard would later release updated versions of the 32S with the ill-fated 33S and the better but not perfect 35S.  

Source:

"HP-32S"  Wikipedia.  Last Edited June 28, 2021.  

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-32S   Retrieved July 6, 2021

Eddie

All original content copyright, © 2011-2021.  Edward Shore.   Unauthorized use and/or unauthorized distribution for commercial purposes without express and written permission from the author is strictly prohibited.  This blog entry may be distributed for noncommercial purposes, provided that full credit is given to the author. 

Sharp EL-5500III & PC-1403: Complex Number Arithmetic and Vectors

 Sharp EL-5500III & PC-1403:  Complex Number Arithmetic and Vectors

Complex Number Arithmetic

This program calculates the four arithmetic functions for complex numbers in the form of x + i*y, where i = √-1.

Sharp EL-5500III/PC-1403 Program:  Complex Number Arithmetic

RUN 600 (or whatever line you designate)

600 PRINT "COMPLEX ARITHMETIC"

603 INPUT "A? "; A, "Bi? "; B, "C? "; C, "Di? "; D

606 INPUT "1:+ 2:- 3:* 4:/ :"; H

609 IF H=1 THEN 630

612 IF H=2 THEN 640

615 IF H=3 THEN 650

618 IF H=4 THEN 660

621 GOTO 606

630 PRINT A+C; "+ "; B+D; "i": END

640 PRINT A-C; "+ "; B-D; "i": END

650 PRINT A*C-B*D; "+ "; B*C+A*D; "i": END

660 W=(C^2+D^2)

663 PRINT (A*C+B*D)/W; "+ "; (B*C-A*D)/W; "i": END

Example

a + bi = 8 + 3i;  c + di = -4 + 2i

Add: 4 + 5i

Subtract: 12 + 1i

Multiply: -38 + 4i

Divide:  -1.3 + -1.4i

Vectors

This program calculates the dot product, cross product, and the angle between of two vectors.   

Sharp EL-5500III/PC-1403 Program:  Vectors

RUN 800 (or whatever line you designate)

800 PRINT "TWO VECTORS"

803 DIM A(2): DIM B(2)

806 INPUT "A0? "; A(0), "A1? "; A(1), "A2? "; A(2)

809 INPUT "B0? "; B(0), "B1? "; B(1), "B2? "; B(2)

812 INPUT "1.DOT 2.CROSS 3.ANGLE :"; H

815 IF H=1 THEN 830

818 IF H=2 THEN 840

821 IF H=3 THEN 850

824 GOTO 812

830 D=A(0)*B(0)+A(1)*B(1)+A(2)*B(2)

832 PRINT "DOT = ";D : END

840 DIM R(2): R(0)=A(1)*B(2)-A(2)*B(1)

842 R(1)=A(2)*B(0)-A(0)*B(2)

844 R(2)=A(0)*B(1)-A(1)*B(0)

846 PRINT "R0:";R(0) :PRINT "R1:";R(1) :PRINT "R2:";R(2)

848 END

850 X=√(A(0)^2+A(1)^2+A(2)^2)

852 Y=√(B(0)^2+B(1)^2+B(2)^2)

854 D=A(0)*B(0)+A(1)*B(1)+A(2)*B(2)

856 N= ACS (D/(X*Y))

858 PRINT "ANG = "; N: END

Example (Degrees mode set)

A:  A(0) = 4, A(1) = -3, A(2) = 2

B:  B(0) = 6, B(1) = 7, B(2) = -1

Dot:  1

Cross: R(0) = -11, R(1) = 16, R(2) = 46

Angle:  88.85263015°

Eddie

All original content copyright, © 2011-2021.  Edward Shore.   Unauthorized use and/or unauthorized distribution for commercial purposes without express and written permission from the author is strictly prohibited.  This blog entry may be distributed for noncommercial purposes, provided that full credit is given to the author. 

Retro Review: Lloyd's Accumatic 321

Retro Review: Lloyd's Accumatic 321

Quick Facts

Model: 321

Company: Lloyd's   (Japan)

Years: 1975 

Memory Register:  1 independent memory

Battery:  Either 4 AAA batteries or the use of a 6V DC 300mW, Series 255A AC adapter

Screen:  LCD, blue-green digits, 8 digits

Features

The Accumatic 321 is a four function calculator with additional features:

*  Parenthesis

*  Square  (x^2)

*  Reciprocal (1/X)

The square (x^2), square root (√), and reciprocal (1/X) act immediately on the number on the display.  

The 321 operates in chain mode: which means that the operations are done in the way the keys are pressed.  Thankfully the parenthesis keys are there to assist us in following the order of operations, which we will have to deal with manually.  Case in point with two examples:

Example 1:

6 [ + ] 3 [ × ] 7 [ = ]  returns 63

Parenthesis are needed to invoke the proper order of operations:

[ ( ] 6 [ + ] 3 [ ) ] [ × ] 7 [ = ] returns 63

6 [ + ] [ ( ] 3 [ × ] 7 [ ) ] [ = ]  returns 27

Example 2:

5 [ × ] 8 [ - ] 4 [ × ] 3 [ = ] returns 108

Parenthesis are needed to invoke the proper order of operations:

 [ ( ] 5 [ × ] 8 [ ) ] [ - ] [ ( ] 4 [ × ] 3 [ ) ] [ = ] returns 32

Additional Calculations

There may be more than one keystroke sequence to tackle each problem.  

1/(1/5 - 1/8) = 13.333333...

5 [ 1/X ] [ - ] 8 [ 1/X ]  [ = ] [ 1/X ]

5.99 * 11 - 2.95 * 2 plus 10% sales tax.   Total:  46.519

[ MC ] 5.99 [ × ] 11 [ = ] [ M+ ] 

2.95 [ × ] 2 [ = ] [ M- ]

[ MR ] [ + ] 10 [ % ] [ = ]

√(4^2 + 7^2 + 10^2) ≈ 12.845232

4 [ X^2 ] [ + ] 7 [ X^2 ] [ + ] 10 [ X^2 ] [ = ] [ √ ]

Verdict

As suggested by the seller, the keyboard is fragile; extra care is needed.  The keys are legible and have good color contrast.  The keys need a solid press.  However, holding down the key too long will cause a double entry.  The additional reciprocal, square, and parenthesis are welcome to basic calculators.  I wish modern basic calculators would add these keys plus the pi (π) key.

I purchased the 321 for $13.00 which has the AC adapter.  I like the fact that batteries not required (in fact, the battery case must be empty) to operate the calculator with the AC adapter.  Worth the buy.

Source

Dudek, Emil J.  "Calculators: Handheld:  Lloyd's Accumatic 321 (aka E321)" 2021.  Retrieved September 4, 2021.  https://vintage-technology.club/pages/calculators/l/lloyds321.htm

All original content copyright, © 2011-2021.  Edward Shore.   Unauthorized use and/or unauthorized distribution for commercial purposes without express and written permission from the author is strictly prohibited.  This blog entry may be distributed for noncommercial purposes, provided that full credit is given to the author. 

Square Root Trick - by @Mathsbook7474

TI-84 Plus CE and TI-Nspire CX II:  Square Root Trick - by @Mathsbook7474

Introduction

From the Instagram account @Mathsbook7474, it is stated that the square root of a number can be approximated by:

√x ≈ (x + y) ÷ (2 · √y)

where y is the number nearest to the root, preferably a perfect square.  (see source for the link)

For example:

Approximate √52.

Let x = 52.  Note that 49 is a perfect square near to 52.   Since √49 = 7, let y = 49.

√52 ≈ (52 + 49) ÷ (2 · √49) = 7.214285714

Accuracy:  0.0031831631   (√52 = 7.211102551)

TI-84 Plus CE Program:  SQAPPROX

The program SQAPPROX will calculate the approximation above, the actual root, and compare the results for the accuracy.  

Listing:

Download the program here:  

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yqvrFXv-H0HDPyKgqv0_NhuW1eHJdP9F/view?usp=sharing

TI-Nspire CX II tns File:  square root approximate.py

This document takes it a step further.   The python program will create four lists that are used to display a table, graph the approximate answers, the actual answers, and the error.

Python program:  spapprox.py

from math import *

from ti_system import *

# TI System command clear history

clear_history()

# intro and prompts

# characters use ctrl, [ book ]

print("√x≈(x+y)/(2*√y) @mathsbook7474")

print("For x:")

s0=float(input("start: "))

s1=float(input("stop: "))

# set up columns

col1=[]

col2=[]

col3=[]

col4=[]

for i in range(s0,s1+1):

  col1.append(i)

  w=sqrt(i)

  col2.append(w)

  a=trunc(w)

  b=trunc(w)+1

  c=fabs(a**2-i)

  d=fabs(b**2-i)

  if c<d:

    s=(i+a**2)/(2*a)

  else:

    s=(i+b**2)/(2*b)

  col3.append(s)

  r=fabs(w-s)

  col4.append(r)

# save columns to outside variables

# TI System module used

store_list("data",col1)

store_list("act",col2)

store_list("appr",col3)

store_list("error",col4)

print("data = x")

print("act = actual")

print("appr = approximate")

print("error = absolute error")

Download the file here:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sXMZ0u81xlEgVewOdijvk-s0af06eFdV/view?usp=sharing

Source:

"Square Root Trick"  @mathsbook7474.  Instagram account.  

Post:  https://www.instagram.com/p/CP26NgvDVRL/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link

June 8, 2021.  Retrieved June 21, 2021.  

Eddie

All original content copyright, © 2011-2021.  Edward Shore.   Unauthorized use and/or unauthorized distribution for commercial purposes without express and written permission from the author is strictly prohibited.  This blog entry may be distributed for noncommercial purposes, provided that full credit is given to the author. 

Sharp EL-5500 III & PC-1403: Fan Laws and Voltage Drop Percentage

 Sharp EL-5500 III & PC-1403: Fan Laws and Voltage Drop Percentage

Fan Laws 

The program will calculate RPM_new (Revolutions per Minute), SP_new (Static Pressure), and BHP_new (Brake Horsepower).  

Inputs:

CFM_old:  Cubic Feet of Minute - old

CFM_new:  Cubic Feet of Minute - new

RPM_old:  Revolutions per Minute - old

SP_old:  Static Pressure - old

BHP_old:  Brake Horsepower - old

Outputs:

RPM_new

SP_new

BHP_new

Sharp EL-5500III/PC-1403 Program:  Fan Laws

RUN 700 (or whatever line you designate)

700 PRINT "FUN LAWS"

703 INPUT "CFM.OLD? "; A

706 INPUT "CFM.NEW? "; B

709 INPUT "RPM.OLD? "; C

712 INPUT "SP.OLD? "; E

715 INPUT "BHP.OLD? "; G

718 D = B*C/A

721 F = E*B^2/A^2

724 H = G*B^3/A^3

727 PRINT "RPM.NEW: "; D

730 PRINT "SP.NET: "; F

733 PRINT "BHP.NEW: "; H

736 END

Example

Inputs:

CFM.OLD:  1250 CFM

CFM.NEW: 1600 CFM

RPM.OLD:  840 RPM

SP.OLD: 4 in

BHP.OLD: 7 BHP

Results:

RPM.NEW: 1075.2 RPM

SP.NEW: 6.5536 in

BHP.OLD:  14.680064 BHP

Source:

Calculated Industries "Sheet Metal/HVAC Pro Calc User's Guide" 2021

Voltage Drop Percentage

This program calculates the voltage drop percentage for wires that operate in 75°C, given the wire length from the object to the power source for wires 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12.  The NEC 2020 code is used.  

Sharp EL-5500III/PC-1403 Program:  Voltage Drop Percentage

RUN 500 (or whatever line you designate)

500 PRINT "VOLTAGE DROP 75 DEG"

501 CLEAR

503 DIM S(5)

506 REM NEC 2020

509 S(0) = .194

510 S(1) = .308

511 S(2) = .491

512 S(3) = .778

513 S(4) = 1.24

514 S(5) = 1.98

530 INPUT "VOLTS? "; V

533 INPUT "CURRENT? "; A

536 INPUT "WIRE LGTH TO PWR (FT)? "; L

539 INPUT "#2,4,6,8,10,12? "; J

542 J = J/2 - 1

545 W = S(J)

548 D = (A*W/1000*2*L) / V * 100

551 PRINT "VD = "; D; "%"

554 END

Example

Inputs: 

VOLTS:  80 V

CURRENT: 36 A

WIRE LGTH TO PWR (FT): 140 ft 

#8 wire

Result: 

VD = 9.8028%

Eddie

All original content copyright, © 2011-2021.  Edward Shore.   Unauthorized use and/or unauthorized distribution for commercial purposes without express and written permission from the author is strictly prohibited.  This blog entry may be distributed for noncommercial purposes, provided that full credit is given to the author. 

Swiss Micros DM42: Subfactorial and Numworks Update (16.3)

Swiss Micros DM42: Subfactorial

Happy Labor Day!

This is a request by Marko Draisma and gratitude to Mr. Draisma.

Calculating the Subfactorial

A common,  and perhaps the most straight forward, formula to calculate the subfactorial is:  

!n = n! × Σ((-1)^k ÷ k!, k=0 to n)

Yes, the subfactorial is written with the exclamation point first.  The subfactorial finds all the possible arrangements of a set of objects where none of the objects end up in their original position.

For example, when arranging the set {1, 2, 3, 4} the subfactorial counts sets such as {2, 1, 4, 3} and {3, 4, 1, 2} but not {1, 4, 3, 2}.  For the positive integers:   !n < n!.

I am going to present two programs.  The first will use the formula stated above.

The second uses this formula, which will not require recursion or loops:

!n = floor[ (e + 1/e) × n! ] - floor[ e × n! ]

Note: Since the N! function on the DM42 accepts only positive integers, we can use the IP (integer part) to simulate the floor function.

integer(x) = { floor(x) if x ≥ 0,  ceiling(x) if x < 0

The following programs can be used on Free42, HP 42S, or Swiss Micros DM42.

Swiss Micros DM42 Program:  Subfactorial Version 1

This is a traditional route.  Registers used:

R01:  k,  counter

R02:  sum register 

R03:  n!, later !n

Program labels can start with symbols on the 42S.

01  LBL "!N"

02  STO 01

03  N!

04  STO 03

05  0

06  STO 02

07  RCL 01

08  1E3

09  ÷

10  STO 01

11  LBL 00

12  RCL 01

13  IP

14  ENTER

15  ENTER

16  -1

17  X<>Y 

18  Y↑X

19  X<>Y

20  N!

21  ÷

22  STO+ 02

23  ISG 01

24  GTO 00

25  RCL 02

26  RCL× 03

27  STO 03

28  RTN

Swiss Micros DM42 Program:  Subfactorial Version 2

I only put 2 in the label to distinguish the two programs.  

01  LBL "!N 2"

02  N!

03  ENTER

04  ENTER

05  1

06  E↑X

07  ENTER

08  1/X

09  +

10  ×

11  IP

12  X<>Y

13  1

14  E↑X

15  ×

16  IP

17  -

18  RTN

Examples

!2 = 1

!3 = 2

!4 = 9

!5 = 44

!9 = 133,496

!14 ≈ 3.2071E10

Sources

"Calculus How To:  Subfactorial"   College Help Central, LLC .https://www.calculushowto.com/subfactorial/ Retrieved September 5, 2021. 

Weisstein, Eric W. "Subfactorial." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Subfactorial.html  Retrieved September 5, 2021

Numworks 16.3 Update

Numworks recently updated its firmware to Version 16.3.  Find details of the changes and additions here:

https://my.numworks.com/firmwares

All original content copyright, © 2011-2021.  Edward Shore.   Unauthorized use and/or unauthorized distribution for commercial purposes without express and written permission from the author is strictly prohibited.  This blog entry may be distributed for noncommercial purposes, provided that full credit is given to the author. 

TI-Nspire CX II and TI-84 Plus CE: COUNTIF, SUMIF, AVERAGEIF

TI-Nspire CX II and TI-84 Plus CE:  COUNTIF, SUMIF, AVERAGEIF

Introduction

Three popular spreadsheet functions are operating on elements of a list contingent of a criteria.   

Let L be a list of numerical data.

COUNTIF(L, criteria):   returns a count of all the elements that fit a criteria

SUMIF(L, criteria):  returns the sum of all the elements that fit a criteria

AVERAGEIF(L, criteria):  returns the arithmetic average of all the elements that fit a criteria

Example:

L = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

COUNTIF(L, "≥4") = 3.  

Counts all the elements of L that are greater than or equal to 4.

SUMIF(L, "≥4") = 15

Sums all the element's of L that are greater than or equal to 4. 

AVERAGEIF(L, "≥4") = 5

Returns the arithmetic average of L that are greater than or equal to 4.

Note that:

AVERAGEIF(L, criteria) = SUMIF(L, criteria) ÷ COUNTIF(L, criteria)

TI-Nspire CX II:  The functions countif and sumif

The TI-Nspire has two built in functions countif and sumif.  The averageif can easily be defined in the equation from the last section.

You can download a tns demonstration document here:  

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XfRyHSQz92TXGmzohhej0--wLYS0yxkF/view?usp=sharing

TI-84 Plus CE Programs:  LISTIF

The program LISTIF calculates all three functions COUNTIF, SUMIF, and AVERAGEIF.  There are two custom lists that are created as a result of this program:

List A:  The input list.

List B:  The list that meets the criteria.

To get the small "L" character, press [ 2nd ], [ stat ] (LIST), B* for the small L.   The small L must be the first character of your list name.  Once created, custom lists are shown under the LIST - NAMES menu.

Although I did not test this on previous calculators, this program should work on the TI-82, TI-83 family, and all of the TI-84 Plus family.

Program listing:

Download Link:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_qP9IHpomFrH6u2zXdg0NOhsHiieHT3X/view?usp=sharing

Eddie

All original content copyright, © 2011-2021.  Edward Shore.   Unauthorized use and/or unauthorized distribution for commercial purposes without express and written permission from the author is strictly prohibited.  This blog entry may be distributed for noncommercial purposes, provided that full credit is given to the author. 

Retro Review: Novus 4510 - Mathematician

Retro Review: Novus 4510 - Mathematician

Happy Labor Day!   Hopefully you are safe, healthy, and sane.

Quick Facts:

Model: 4510, also known as Mathematician

Company: National Semiconductor

Years: 1975 - 1977

Memory Register:  1 independent memory, cleared when it is turned off

Battery:  1 9-volt battery, could be powered by a certain AC Volt plugs

Screen:  LCD, 8 digits

A RPN Calculator from the 1970s

The Mathematician is a Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) calculator.  On an RPN calculator, instead of an equals key, you have an ENTER key to separate numbers and execute an operation to complete the calculation.

Examples:

400 ÷ 25 = 16

Keystrokes: 

400 ENT 25 ÷

(21 × 5) + (11 × 13) = 248

Keystrokes:

21 ENT 5 × 11 ENT 13 × + 

√(3^2 + 2^3) ≈ 3.3166238

Keystrokes:

3 [ F ] (x^2) ENT 2 ENT y^x + √

Forensic Results:

3 × 1/3 returns .99999999

asin(acos(atan(tan(cos(sin(60°)))))) returns 59.25697°

Keyboard

The keyboard of Novus 4510 has gray and ivory keys.  The font is a light gray against a black background, with shifted functions are in yellow, which gives the fonts great contrast.  The keys are rubbery and soft, and thankfully, the 4510 I was purchased had working keys.  

The Basic Set of Functions

The 4510 has a basic set of scientific functions:  principal square root, square root, powers, reciprocal, logarithms and exponents, and trigonometric functions.  The angle mode will always be in degrees.   The deg and rad commands are not mode settings, they are conversions:  deg changes angles from radians to degrees, and rad changes angles from degrees to radians.

There is no scientific notation on the 4510.  You are limited to 8 digits.  Anything over beyond ±99,999,999 will cause an error.

Any errors will be displayed by .0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.

There is only one memory register.  The storage arithmetic functions available are M+, M-, and M+x^2 (square the value on the x register and adds it to memory).

The Stack of Three Levels

The 4510 has three stack levels:  x, y, z.    How the stack reacts depends on which operation is executed.  For example:

The ENT (Enter) Key:

x, y, z ->  x, x, y

The Arithmetic Operators (+, -, ×, ÷):

x, y, z ->  result, y, 0

The contents of the z stack are zeroed, which unusual for RPN calculators.

The functions x^2, √, 1/x, rad, deg:

x, y, z -> result, y, z

The Trigonometric, Exponential, and Exponential Operators (sin, cos, tan, and their inverses, log, ln, e^x):

x, y, z -> result, y, 0

The contents of the z stack are zeroed, which unusual for RPN calculators.

That makes for a very particular set up due to the usual stack operations, for example:  

sin 30° sin 40° sin 60°

Key strokes: 

30 sin 40 sin 60 sin × × returns the very incorrect answer 0

However:

30 sin 40 sin × 60 × returns the correct approximation .27833519

There is a swap key but there is no roll down key.    

Verdict

I like operating the 4510.  However, my biggest gripes are the way the stack is used depending on the operation, and the lack of operations and statistics.  It's good for a basic RPN calculator.  

Sources

"National Semiconductor Novus Mathematics Handled Electronic Calculator"  National Museum of American History Behring Center.  Washington, D.C.  Accessed August 15, 2021.  https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1305810

"Novus 4510 (Mathematician)"  calculator.org:  the calculator home page.  Flow Simulation Ltd. 2021  Accessed August 14, 2021.  https://www.calculator.org/calculators/Novus_4510.html

Eddie

All original content copyright, © 2011-2021.  Edward Shore.   Unauthorized use and/or unauthorized distribution for commercial purposes without express and written permission from the author is strictly prohibited.  This blog entry may be distributed for noncommercial purposes, provided that full credit is given to the author. 

Sharp EL-5500III & PC-1403: Stairs and Air Density and Viscosity

 Sharp EL-5500III & PC-1403:  Stairs and Air Density and Viscosity

Stairs

Inputs:

RISE:  The floor-to-floor rise of the staircase. 

MAX RISER HGHT:  The maximum allowable rise height.

TREAD WIDTH:  The desired tread width of each stair.

Outputs:

N:  Number of Stairs

TRUE RH:  True riser height of the stair

# TREADS:  Number of treads

RUN:  Total theoretical run from the first stair to the top.

INCLINE:  Incline of the stair in degrees

STRINGER:  Length of the stringer

All amounts are assumed to be in inches and all amounts are precise (no rounding to the nearest 1/8th inch or 1/16 inch, etc).

Sharp EL-5500III/PC-1403 Program:  Stairs

RUN 300 (or whatever line you designate)

300 PRINT "STAIRS"

303 DEGREE

306 INPUT "RISE (IN)? "; R

309 INPUT "MAX RISER HGHT? "; H

312 INPUT "TREADWIDTH? "; W

315 N = INT (R/H) + 1

318 PRINT "N = "; N

321 T = R/N

324 PRINT "TRUE RH = "; T; " IN"

327 E = N-1

330 PRINT "# TREADS = "; E

333 U = E*W

336 PRINT "RUN = "; U; " IN"

339 A = ATN (T/W)

342 PRINT "INCLINE = "; A

345 S = (E*W)/(COS A)

348 PRINT "STRINGER = "; S; " IN"

351 END

Example

Inputs:

RISE:  150 in   (12 ft 6 in)

MAX RISER HGHT: 7.5 in 

TREAD WIDTH:  12 in

Results:

N = 21

TRUE RH = 7.142857143 IN

# TREADS = 20

RUN = 240 IN

INCLINE = 30.76271954

STRINGER = 279.2994151 IN

Air Density and Viscosity

Inputs:

AIR (F):  Temperature of the air in degrees Fahrenheit (°F)

PRESSURE:  Air pressure in pounds per square inch (psia)

Outputs:

DENSITY:  Air density  (lbm/ft^3)

VISCOSITY:  Estimate of air viscosity (ft^2/sec)

The dynamic viscosity (μ) for air is estimated by the equation to three significant digits:

μ ≈ 5.550736842 * 10^-10 * F + 3.04406316 * 10^-7 

Table of viscosity values:  https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/air-absolute-kinematic-viscosity-d_601.html

Sharp EL-5500III/PC-1403 Program:  Air Density and Viscosity

RUN 400 (or whatever line you designate)

400 PRINT "AIR DENSITY/VISC (US)"

403 INPUT "AIR (F)? "; F

406 INPUT "PRESSURE (PSIA)? ";R

409 D = (144*R) / (53.3533 * (F+459.67))

412 REM MU - 3 DEC APPROX

415 M = 5.550736842E-10*F + 3.404406316E-7

418 REM NEED 9 PLACES SINCE MU IS TO -6TH POWER

421 M = INT (M*TEN 9) / TEN 9

424 V = M*32.1740464/D

427 PRINT "DENSITY = ": PRINT D; " LBM/FT^3"

430 PRINT "VISCOSITY = ": RINT V; "FT^2/SEC"

433 END

Example

Inputs:

AIR (F):  78 °F

PRESSURE:  82 psia

Outputs:

DENSITY:  4.116226392E-01 LBM/FT^3

VISCOSITY:  2.993678821E-05 FT^2/SEC

Sources

"Air - Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity".  The Engineering Toolbox   

https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/air-absolute-kinematic-viscosity-d_601.html

Retrieved July 8, 2021

Lindeburg, Michael R. PE Practice Problems for the Civil Engineering PE Exam: A Companion to the Civil Engineering Reference Manual  Thirteenth Edition Professional Publications, Inc: Belmont, CA  2012

Eddie

All original content copyright, © 2011-2021.  Edward Shore.   Unauthorized use and/or unauthorized distribution for commercial purposes without express and written permission from the author is strictly prohibited.  This blog entry may be distributed for noncommercial purposes, provided that full credit is given to the author. 

Back to School Reference Sheet

 Back to School Reference Sheet

It's near the end of summer, hence for a lot of students the school year is either about to start or just has started.  

Attached is a link to a quick reference that can be helpful in terms of algebra, pre-algebra, geometry, and trigonometry.  Topics include:

* Solving Equations

* Quadratic Equations

* Completing the Square

* Basic Laws of Logarithms

* Basic Trigonometry Identities

* Some Conversions of Length

* Basic Circle and Right Triangle Properties

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AcHCUOfa89ADFQtuT1aV0d4_DnhOAczY/view?usp=sharing

I hope you find this useful.   

Good luck, good health, and good fortune to all the students in school this year and may you succeed in all of your studies.

Eddie

All original content copyright, © 2011-2021.  Edward Shore.   Unauthorized use and/or unauthorized distribution for commercial purposes without express and written permission from the author is strictly prohibited.  This blog entry may be distributed for noncommercial purposes, provided that full credit is given to the author.