HP 32S and HP 32SII Week: Richter Scale

HP 32S and HP 32SII Week:  Richter Scale

Richter Scale

The equation calculates the massive energy given by a earthquake given the earthquake's magnitude by the Richter scale:

E = 10^(11.3 + 1.8 * M), where E is in ergs

 

with conversions:

Ergs to Joules:  multiply by 1 * 10^-7

Ergs to ft-lbs:  multiply by 7.3756 * 10^-8

Equation Modifications

Energy of an earthquake, given by Richter scale, in Joules (SI units):

E = 10^(4.3 + 1.8 * M)

Energy of an earthquake, given by Richter scale, in Foot-Pounds (US units):

E ≈ 10^(4.1678 + 1.8 * M)

HP 32S/32SII Program:  Earthquake Energy - SI Units

Size: 13.5 bytes

R01 LBL R

R02 18

R03 ×

R04 43

R05 +

R06 10

R07 ÷

R08 10^x

R09 STOP

Example:  3.4 Magnitude

Result:  26,302,679,919 J

Notes:

*  In general, each step takes 1.5 bytes.  

*  Integers 0 to 99 (HP 32S) and 0 to 254 (HP 32SII) takes 1.5 bytes while all other real numbers takes 9.5 bytes.  It could be advantageous to build numbers out of small integers than enter real number constants.  Using a real constant uses 6 steps.  

* It's supposed to be advantageous to end programs with STOP (R/S) than RTN. 

HP 32S/32SII Program:  Earthquake Energy - US Units

Size: 21.5 bytes

R01 LBL R

R02 18

R03 ×

R04 10

R05 ÷

R06 4.1678

R07 +

R08 10^x

R09 STOP

Example:  3.4 Magnitude

Result:  19,399,922,723.9 ft-lbs

Source:

Young, G.B.  "Earthquake Magnitude - Energy Conversation"  Hewlett-Packard HP-674/HP-97 User's Library Solutions:  Earth Sciences  Hewlett Packard:  Corvallis, OR.  pp. 1-4 February 1978

Download the document here, with gratitude to hpcalc.org:

https://literature.hpcalc.org/items/1015

Eddie

All original content copyright, © 2011-2022.  Edward Shore.   Unauthorized use and/or unauthorized distribution for commercial purposes without express and written permission from the author is strictly prohibited.  This blog entry may be distributed for noncommercial purposes, provided that full credit is given to the author. 

 

TI-84+: Windchill Factor, Boiling Point at Various Elevations, Velocity of Seismic Waves

Happy New Year!  Time flies when we are having fun - we are in 2015 - 15 years into the 21st century.  Here's to making 2015 happy and prosperous for all!

Without further ado, here are the first programs for 2015!

Wind-Chill Factor

The equation, provided by NOA 2011, to determine wind chill is:

W = 35.74 + .6215*T – 35.75*V^.16 + .4275*T*V^.16

Where:

T = air temperature (°F)

V = speed of the wind (mph)

Program WINDCHIL

: Input “AIR TEMP IN °F:”, T

: Input “WIND SPEED (MPH):”, V

: 35.75+.6215*T-35.75*V^.16+.4275*T*V^.16→W

: Disp “WIND CHILL FACTOR:”, W

Example 1:

V = 25 mph, T = 50°F.  Result:  W = 42.75596219

V = 40 mph, T = 20°F.  Result:  W = -.9093161248

Source:  Thomas J. Glover.  “Pocket Ref: 4^th Ed” – 2012.  Sequoia Publishing, Inc.:  Littleton, CO

Boiling Point at Various Elevations

Using data   from Pocket Ref, the boiling point of water at certain elevations can be estimated by the following equation:

Y » 211.99262 – (1.94802*10^-3)*X + (7.17273*10^-9)*X^2

X = elevation in feet

Y = boiling point of water in °F

Program BOILH20:

: Input “ELEV. IN FEET:”, X

: 211.99262-(1.94802E-3)*X+(7.17273E-9)*X^2→Y

: Disp “APPROX BAIL PT. (°F):”, Y

Examples:

X = elevation (feet)	Y = boiling point (°F)
250	211.5060633
1000	210.0517727
2750	206.6898088

Source:  Thomas J. Glover.  “Pocket Ref: 4^th Ed” – 2012.  Sequoia Publishing, Inc.:  Littleton, CO

Velocity of P-Waves and S-Waves

In measuring seismic waves (earthquakes) of p-waves (primary waves) and s-waves (secondary waves), the following equations can be used:

(I)     First Lamé Parameter:

λ = (v*E)/((1+v)*(1-2*v))

Where: 

v = ratio of soil.  The following parameters are stated from the Foundation Engineering Handbook:

Type of Soil	v =
Clay, above the water table	0.4
Saturated Clay, below the water table	0.5
Wet Sand	0.35
Dry Sand or Rock	0.25

E = elasticity of the soil, measured in thousand-feet per pound

(II)   Shear Modulus (modulus of rigidity)

‘μ = E/(1 + v)

(III) Velocity of the P-Wave (feet/second)

P = √((λ+2μ)*g*1000/w)

w = specific soil weight, in pounds per cubic foot

g = Earth’s gravity constant,  g = 32.1740486 ft/s^2

(IV) Velocity of the S-Wave (feet/second)

S = √(μ*1000*g/w)

Program SEISMIC

: Disp “ELASTICITY (1000 LB/FT)”

: Prompt E

: Disp “SPEC. SOIL WEIGHT”, “(LB/FT^3)”

: Prompt W

: Menu(“SOIL TYPE”, “CLAY”, 1, “BELOW H20 TABLE”, 2, “WET SAND”, 3,

“DRY SAND/ROCK”, 4)

: Lbl 1

: .4→V

: Goto 5

: Lbl 2

: .5→V

: Goto 5

: Lbl 3

: .35→V

: Goto 5

: Lbl 4

: .25→V

: Goto 5

: Lbl 5

: (EV)/((1+V)(1-2V))→L

: E/(2(1+V))→M

: √((L+2M)*32174.0486/W)→P

: √(M*32174.0486/W)→S

: Disp “P-WAVE (FT/S)”,P

: Disp “S-WAVE (FT/S)”,S

Example:

Input: 

E = 3000 pounds per square foot

w = 120 pounds per cubic foot

Type of soil: Clay (v=.4)

Output:

P-Wave Velocity » 1312.863186 ft/s

S-Wave Velocity » 535.9741515 ft/s

Sources: 

Hsai-Yang Fang.  “Foundation Engineering Handbook” Springer Science & Business Media.  1990.

 Indrahil Goswami, Ph.D. P.E. “Civil Engineering PE Breadth and Depth, Exam Guide.  2^nd Edition” McGraw Hill. 2014

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This blog is property of Edward Shore. 2015.