Monday, July 4, 2016

Retro Review: Texas Instruments TI-55 III


Retro Review:  Texas Instruments TI-55 III

I’m still in the 1980s mood, so today and for the next few blog entries, I am going to work with the Texas Instruments TI-55 III from the mid 1980s.  Anyone want to play Pac Man or Super Mario Brothers?
  
TI-55 III: Cost and History

Years Made

1986-1987, the one I have is from 1987 made in Italy.  This model was also made in Taiwan.

Cost

I purchased from Amazon for $23 including shipping.  All the keys work and the display is in good working order.  The paint on the equals, plus, minus, and multiplication keys are either completely or partially worn off.  However, everything works!

Original cost 

From what I was able to research, about $40 to $50 (that is an educated guess). 

History

The TI-55 III is based off of the original TI-55 (1977) and TI-55 II (1981).  The original TI-55 had only 32 programming steps but included 10 memory registers.  When the TI-55 II came out, the programming memory was increased to 56 steps, but the number of memory registers were slashed to 8.  Furthermore, the total memory competed with programming steps and memory registers.  All bets were off if the statistics mode was engaged.  The TI-55 II also added integration. 

Unfortunately, the TI-55 II was plagued with bad keyboards, which led Texas Instruments to replace it with the TI-55 III (United States) or the TI-56 (foreign countries, mainly Europe).  The TI-55 III retained all of the features of the TI-55 II and received better keyboards.

Rskey.org page on the TI-55:  http://www.rskey.org/ti55
Datamath.org page on the TI-55 II: http://www.datamath.org/Sci/Slanted/TI-55-II.htm
Datamath.org page on the TI-55 III: http://www.datamath.org/Sci/Slanted/TI-55-III_TW.htm

Features of the TI-55 III

Operating System:  AOS (Algebraic Operating System)  (like the TI-30Xa)
Programming:  Up to 56 program steps
Statistics:  Linear Regression
Conversions:  °F/°C, DMS/DD, in/cm, lb/kg, gal/L
Memory Registers: Up to 8, competed with both statistics and programming
Other Functions:  Percent Change, Absolute Value, Signum, Integer Part, Fractional Part
Integration
Shift Keys: 2nd, hyp, INV
Storage Arithmetic:  +, -, *, ÷, ^, roots
Manual:  Same as the TI-55 II.  See the link above.

Oddities

Percent Key (Δ%) 

I think the percent works backwards than modern calculators.   Press the new value first, then [2nd] [ ) ] ( Δ% ), then old value, [ = ].

Example:  Percent change from 32 to 56:  56 [2nd] [ ) ] (Δ%) 32 [ = ] 75  (75% increase)

Combinations and Permutations

Maybe unique to this series is that combinations and permutations are operated on a different format.  These functions take one argument in the form of nnn.rrr.  

Example:

Combination where n=15, r=2 is entered as 15.002 [2nd] [ 9 ] (nCr)   (Result: 105)
Permutation where n=15, r=2 is entered as 15.002 [2nd] [ 8 ] (nPr)   (Result:  210)

Decimal Settings

Fix:  This is what it says, fixed the number of the display to n places.  To cancel, press [INV] [2nd] [sin] (Fix).

Engineering:  Engineering mode is executed with [2nd] [EE] (Eng) or sometimes when you enter large/small numbers requiring an exponent of 10.  To cancel, press [INV] [2nd] [EE] (Eng).

Rectangular/Polar Conversion

[2nd] [x<>y] (P-R):  to Rectangular.  Input:  r [x<>y] θ [2nd] [x<>y] (P-R).  Result: y [x<>y] x.

[INV] [2nd] [x<>y] (P-R):  to Polar.   Input x [x<>y] y [INV] [2nd] [x<>y] (P-R).  Result:  θ [x<>y] r.

This is similar to the TI-65 and the original TI-55.

Linear Regression

The model is y = ax + b.  To obtain a and b after entering the data, press [2nd]  [ * ] (b/a) for the intercept (b), then [x<>y] for the slope (a).

Programming Model

The programming model for the TI-55 III (and its predecessors TI-55 and TI-55 II) are extremely simple.  There are no loops other than the RST (which sends the counter back to step 00 and stops execution).  Everything is a straight-forward calculation, like a macro. 

Also, the more memory registers you need, the less space you have.  You control the partition by the sequence [2nd] [LRN] (Part) n (where n is the number of registers desired).  Using all 8 registers (R0 through R7) eliminates the programming capability. 

Partitions Chart
# of Registers
# of Programming Steps Available
1 (R0)
56
2 (R0, R1)
48
3 (R0, R1, R2)
40
4 (R0, R1, R2, R3)
32

Each key is counted as step.  Yes, that includes the digits.  The only thing that is merged is anything combined with a [2nd] key press.  The codes are straight forward, they are two digit codes where the first digit is the row number (1-9) and the second is the column number (1-5, for 2nd functions 6-0).  Statistics commands are not available in programming. 

Integration will require at least 3 registers.  Functions are ended by [ = ] [ R/S  ] [RST].  The lower limit is stored in R1, upper stored in R2, press [ ∫dx ], number of intervals (up to 99), [R/S].

Source:  Texas Instruments.  “TI-55 II Scientific Calculator Quick Reference Guide” 4th Ed. 1984.

Final Verdict

The TI-55 III is a nice basic calculator.  If you were looking for an extensive programming module, then you may be disappointed with this model since no loops are offered and the space offered is scare.  Still, having the absolute value, sign, integer part, and fractional part are pluses. 

Despite the limitations, I am going to posts several programs for the TI-55 III in the nearby future. 

Eddie


This blog is property of Edward Shore, 2016.




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