Calculus/TI-84 Plus
CE: Derivatives of Kth Order
Introduction
Can we find a general formula for a derivative of nth order?
d^n/dx^n f(x) = ?
The Power Function x^n
From calculus, we find that:
f(x) = x^n
d/dx x^n = n * x^(n - 1)
d^2/dx^2 x^n = n * (n – 1) * x^(n – 2)
d^3/dx^3 x^n = n * (n – 1) * (n – 2) * x^(n – 3)
d^4/dx^4 x^n = n * (n – 1) * (n – 2) * (n – 3) * x^(n – 4)
Note that for order k,
d^k/dx^k x^n = (n * (n – 1) * (n – 2) * (n – 3) * … * (n – (k
– 1)) ) * x^(n – k)
d^k/dx^k x^n = (n * (n-1) * (n-2) * … * 1)/((n-k) * (n-k-1)
* … * 1) * x^(n – k)
d^k/dx^k x^n = n! / (n – k)! * x^(n – k)
With the gamma function property Γ(z + 1) = z!,
d^k/dx^k x^n = Γ(n + 1)/Γ(n – k +
1) * x^(n – k)
The above formula allows us to calculate the kth derivative
of x^n, even when k is not an integer.
TI-84 Plus CE Program
NDERPOW
"2018-05-18
EWS"
Disp "D^K/DX^K
X^N"
Input "POWER
(N):",N
Input
"VALUE :",A
Input "ORDER
(K):",K
If N≥K
Then
N!/(N-K)!*A^(N-K)→D
Else
0→D
End
Disp D
The program NDERPOW calculates the numerical derivative of
d^k/dx^k x^n. For this particular
program, k must be an integer since
non-integers are not accepted on the TI-84 Plus’ factorial function.
The Exponential Function e^(a*x), where a is a constant
f(x) = e^(a*x)
d/dx e^(a*x) = a * e^(a*x)
d^2/dx^2 e^(a*x) = a^2 * e^(a*x)
d^3/dx^3 e^(a*x) = a^3 * e^(a*x)
d^4/dx^4 e^(a*x) = a^4 * e^(a*x)
With the order k…
d^k/dx^k e^(a*x) = a^k * e^(a*x)
Just like the last case, k does not have be an integer.
TI-84 Plus CE Program
NDEREXP
"2015-05-18
EWS"
Disp "D^K/DX^K
e^(A*X)"
Input "COEFF
(A):",A
Input
"VALUE :",X
Input "ORDER
(K):",K
A^K*e^(A*X)→D
Disp D
The program NDEREXP calculates the numerical derivative of
d^k/dx^k e^(a*x).
The Sine Function sin(a*x) and the Cosine Function cos(a*x)
We are working radian angle measure.
f(x) = sin(a*x)
d/dx sin(a*x) = a * cos(a*x)
d^2/dx^2 sin(a*x) = -a^2 * sin(a*x)
d^3/dx^3 sin(a*x) = -a^3 * cos(a*x)
d^4/dx^4 sin(a*x) = a^4 * sin(a*x)
Notice a pattern, alternating between sin and cos. To the kth order (k is an integer),
d^k/dx^k sin(a*x) =
(-1)^int(k/2) * a^k * cos(a*x), when k is odd
(-1)^int(k/2) * a^k * sin(a*x), when k is even
If we put the piecewise function into one statement:
d^k/dx^k sin(a*x) = (-1)^int(k/2)
* a^k * ( 2*frac(k/2)*cos(a*x) + 2*frac((k+1)/2)*sin(a*x) )
Note that:
2 * frac(k/2) = 1 for all odd integers k, 0 for all even
integers k
Likewise, 2 * frac((k + 1)/2) = 0 for all odd integers k, 1
for all even integers k
And, (-1)^int(k/2) produces a pattern of 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1,
-1, 1, 1, -1, …
TI-84 Plus CE Program
NDERSIN
"2018-05-19
EWS"
Disp "D^K/DX^K
sin(A*X)"
Radian
Input "COEFF
(A):",A
Input
"VALUE :",X
Input "ORDER
(K):",K
(1)^iPart(K/2)*A^K*(2*fPart(K/2)*cos(A*X)+2*fPart((K+1)/2)*sin(A*X))→D
Disp D
Similarly,
f(x) = cos(a*x)
d/dx cos(a*x) = -a * sin(a*x)
d^2/dx^2 cos(a*x) = -a^2 * cos(a*x)
d^3/dx^3 cos(a*x) = a^3 * sin(a*x)
d^4/dx^4 cos(a*x) = a^4 * cos(a*x)
Likewise:
Notice a pattern, alternating between sin and cos. To the kth order (k is an integer),
d^k/dx^k sin(a*x) =
(-1)^int(k/2 + 1/2) * a^k * sin(a*x), when k is odd
(-1)^int(k/2 + 1/2) * a^k * cos(a*x), when k is even
If we put the piecewise function into one statement:
d^k/dx^k cos(a*x) = (-1)^int(k/2
+ 1/2) * a^k * ( 2*frac(k/2)*sin(a*x) + 2*frac((k+1)/2)*cos(a*x) )
TI-84 Plus CE Program
NDERCOS
"2018-05-19
EWS"
Disp "D^K/DX^K
cos(A*X)"
Radian
Input "COEFF
(A):",A
Input
"VALUE :",X
Input "ORDER
(K):",K
(1)^iPart((K+1)/2)*A^K*(2*fPart(K/2)*sin(A*X)+2*fPart((K+1)/2)*cos(A*X))→D
Disp D
NDERSIN and NDERCOS are numeric derivatives for sine and
cosine, respectively. Note for NDERSIN
and NDERCOS, the calculator is set to Radian mode, and K (order) should be an
integer.
Eddie
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